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November 2025 22 materials

How to calculate reliability

Every study gets a score from 1 to 10 for the reliability of its conclusions. The score depends on:

  • Publication type. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs score highest. Individual RCTs and cohort studies come lower. Preprints (bioRxiv, medRxiv) score even lower due to a lack of peer review.
  • Sample size. A study with 10,000+ participants is more reliable than a pilot study with 14.
  • Journal and peer review. Publication in an impact-factor journal is not the same as a preprint.
  • Methodology. Control groups, randomisation, blinding, duration of follow-up.
  • Conflict of interest and funding. Declared and transparent — a plus.

The score is generated by AI from publication metadata. It is a Guide, not a verdict — even a 6/10 can contain an important result, and 9/10 doesn't exempt you from reading critically. Every source is signed: click "Read research →" to verify for yourself.

PubMed
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, California)
28 November
Reliability: 8/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Efficacy of a resistance training programme on muscle mass and muscle strength in adults following a vegan versus omnivorous diet: A non-randomised four-arm parallel clinical trial.

Cárcamo-Regla, R, Alcaide-Leyva, JM, Zapata-Lamana, R, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Strength training Nutrition Vegan diet Muscle mass muscle strength
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DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2025.113047
PubMed
Journal of bodywork and movement therapies
27 November
Reliability: 8/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Effect of 12-week functional training on soccer fitness in boys aged 10-11 years.

Zhao, X, Hong, Y, Cai, Z, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Functional training Youth sport Football FMS Physical training
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.11.027
PubMed
The International Journal of Sports Medicine
26 November
Reliability: 8/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Fatigue- and Training-Related Differences in Muscle Activation and Coordination.

G Santos, PD, Vaz, JR, Gomes, M, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Exercise physiology Muscle activation Strength training Tiredness
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DOI: 10.1055/a-2734-2159
PubMed
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
25 November
Reliability: 8/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Comparable Cardiovascular, Functional, and Lipid Profile Outcomes of High-Intensity Telerehabilitation Versus Face-to-Face Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Moon, HM

English summary coming soon.

HIIT VO₂max Telerehabilitation Stroke Cardiovascular function
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DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2025.11.013
PubMed
Journal of Advanced Research
22 November
Reliability: 9/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Exploring the role of β2-microglobulin in the relationship between physical activity and DNAm-predicted PhenoAge: Evidence from a population-based study and a single-cell RNA-sequencing study in mice.

You, Y, Li, J, Zhang, Y, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Ageing Molecular biology Physical activity Longevity Inflammation
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.11.047
PubMed
Pediatric exercise science
21 November
Reliability: 8/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Improved Functional Movement Skills Reduce the Risk of Drop Landing Injuries in Male and Female Youth Football Players.

Duncan, MJ, Tallis, J, Guimaraes-Ferreira, L, et al.

English summary coming soon.

biomechanics Injury prevention functional movement ACL Young athletes
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DOI: 10.1123/pes.2025-0039
PubMed
Pediatric exercise science
21 November
Reliability: 8/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Exploring the Multivariate Association Between Physical Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents.

Silveira, JFC, Aadland, E, Pfeiffer, KA, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Cardiorespiratory function Metabolism Obesity Prevention Children
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DOI: 10.1123/pes.2025-0033
PubMed
International Journal of Stroke: Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
20 November
Reliability: 8/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Effect of protein supplementation on cardiorespiratory fitness with aerobic training in adults with chronic stroke: A multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Lin, YN, Viswanathan, A, Ogawa, EF, et al.

English summary coming soon.

protein aerobic training Cardiorespiratory endurance Rehabilitation
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DOI: 10.1177/17474930251403727
PubMed
Journal of bodywork and movement therapies
19 Nov
Reliability: 7/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Effect of resistance training with different occlusion pressures on hand grip strength and forearm girth among young adults – A pilot study.

Kumar, T, Gujral, T

English summary coming soon.

BFRT Blood flow restriction Strength training Hypertrophy Low load
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.11.020
PubMed
High altitude medicine and biology
17 November
Reliability: 7/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Gut Microbiota Dynamics During Extreme Altitude Climbing: A Longitudinal Case Report.

Álvarez-Herms, J, Jornet, K, Burtscher, M, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Microbiome Hypoxia Altitude training Physiology
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DOI: 10.1177/15578682251396447
PubMed
Journal of bodywork and movement therapies
15 November
Reliability: 7/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Impact of Graded Physical Exercise on Aerobic Fitness, Endurance and Health-Related Functional Outcomes among Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.

Sharma, A, Chahal, A, Sridhar, SB, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Physical activity Endurance Quality of life Recovery
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.10.053
PubMed
The International Journal of Sports Medicine
14 November
Reliability: 8/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Ground Reaction Forces and Peak Throwing Shoulder Forces in High School Softball Pitchers.

Friesen, KB, Jump, IP, Oliver, GD

English summary coming soon.

biomechanics Kinetic chain Injury prevention Softball
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DOI: 10.1055/a-2721-0392
PubMed
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
13 November
Reliability: 9/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training on Physical Performance in Older Adults with Possible Sarcopenia: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Wang, Q, Xu, C, Cheng, Y, et al.

English summary coming soon.

HIIT Sarcopenia muscle strength Elderly Randomised controlled trial
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DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2025.11.003
PubMed
Journal of bodywork and movement therapies
13 November
Reliability: 8/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Virtual reality exercises versus high volume resistance training on body fat and blood biomarkers in obese adult females: A randomised controlled study.

Abdel-Aal, NM, Elsayyad, MM, Ahmed, SS, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Strength training Body composition Metabolic health Nutrition
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.11.012
PubMed
Clinics in Sports Medicine
12 Nov
Reliability: 7/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Sports Considerations Related to Pregnancy and Postpartum.

Kew, ME, Austin, AV, Geisel, P

English summary coming soon.

Pregnancy Postpartum Physical activity Women's health
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DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2025.09.007
PubMed
Journal of Ageing and Physical Activity
12 Nov
Reliability: 7/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Exploratory Analysis of Mental Health and Quality of Life Outcomes in a Randomised Controlled Trial to Reduce Sitting Time in Older Adults with Obesity.

Florez-Acevedo, S, Greenwood-Hickman, MA, Zhu, W, et al.

English summary coming soon.

sedentary time Mental health Obesity Elderly people Quality of life
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DOI: 10.1123/japa.2024-0387
PubMed
Science and medicine in football
12 Nov
Reliability: 7/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Factors associated with career longevity and satisfaction: findings from the Women’s Soccer/Football Health Study.

Law, KL, de Mille, P, Prather, H, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Sports medicine Mental health Women's sport ACL long career
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DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2025.2584073
PubMed
The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
11 November
Reliability: 7/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

The feasibility of resistance training versus aerobic exercise in a rehabilitation setting for people living with psychotic disorders: A randomised controlled trial.

Korman, N, Stanton, R, Trott, M, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Mental health Strength training Mental disorders Rehabilitation
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DOI: 10.1177/00048674251361681
PubMed
Journal of bodywork and movement therapies
7 November
Reliability: 7/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing with elastic resistance for determining ventilatory thresholds and maximal oxygen uptake in middle-aged adults.

Soares, ZV, Gasparini Neto, VH, Ferreguetti Costa, AK, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Aerobic form VO₂max Ventilation sills testing
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.11.010
PubMed
Health Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education
6 November
Reliability: 7/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Physical Activity Moderates the Relationship Between Screen Time and Body Dissatisfaction in Early Adulthood.

Surprenant, R, Bezeau, D, Cabot, I, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Physical activity Mental health The younger generation Screen time
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DOI: 10.1177/10901981251387139
PubMed
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
5 Nov
Reliability: 8/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Return-to-Play Criteria Following a Hamstring Injury in Professional Soccer: Time for a Tailor-Made Approach.

Perna, P, Kerin, F, MacDonald, B, et al.

English summary coming soon.

Sports medicine Back to the game Muscle injuries Rehabilitation
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DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2025-0216
PubMed
Liver Transplantation: Official Publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society
3 November
Reliability: 8/10 Reliability is the assessment of how confident we are in the study's conclusion. It accounts for publication type (RCT > cohort > case series > preprint), sample size, journal, and methodology. 9–10: strong evidence. 7–8: confident with caveats. 5–6: preliminary, needs confirmation. The score is generated by AI from publication metadata.

Physical exercise improves neurocognition in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Román-Calleja, BM, Ruiz-Margain, A, Duarte-Rojo, A, et al.

English summary coming soon.

exercises Cognitive functions Metabolic health Liver
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DOI: 10.1097/LVT.0000000000000767